Sodium chloride,Cesium chloride,Hexagonal close packed,diamond structure

Sodium Chloride

1. Sodium chloride, also known as salt,is an ionic compound with the formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean.It is  obtained through the evaporation of seawater which can be used in cookin.See figure 1 :

2. The United States had been the world’s leading salt producer until 2005, when it was surpassed by China.In 2010, the top five producers (in million tonnes) being China (60.0), United States (45.0), Germany (16.5), India (15.8) and Canada (14.0).

Figure 1 : Sea salt harvesting in pak thale thailand

3. Sodium chloride forms crystals with face-centered cubic symmetry.See figure 1 :

 Figure 2 :  The structure of crystalline salt.The bigger spheres are chlorine.The smaller spheres are sodium. 

Cesium Chloride 

1. Cesium is nature’s most alkaline mineral.  When formed into salt, it becomes cesium chloride.In many cancer treatment,and even in most advanced stage of it, cesium chloride is one of the recommended drugs to use.

2. Among the ability of cesium chloride is to raise the pH of the cell to 8.0. This creates an environment that is fatal to the cancer cells.  In a matter of hours, the cell dies.cesium chloride does not affect normal cells.  It only targets the cancer cells.  At the same time, cesium chloride can stop pain by neutralizing weak lactic acid.  This happens within 12 to 24 hours.The structure of cesium chloride ,as in figure below :

Hexagonal close packed

1. In a hexagonal close packed,arrangement of atoms,the unit cell consists of three layer of atoms.There are,at the top,bottom and the middle layer.The top and bottom layers consists of six atoms at corner of hexagon,and one atom at the center of each hexagon.While the middle layer contains three atoms located between the top and the bottom.See figure below.

 Diamond

1. Diamond was form from the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure.

2. Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of most material .This is due to its strong covalent bond that exist within its system.

3.Diamond and graphite,bothe made up of carbon atom. In diamond we have the hardest known material, in graphite we have one of the softest, simply by rearranging the way the atoms are bonded together. 

4. How make the diamond harder than graphite?This is because,diamond has a more complex structure. Diamond's structure is like many pentagons connected together, each pentagon sharing a side with another pentagon or each pentagon sharing a point with another pentagon. All the points are linked together in some way. 

  While,graphite's atoms are arranged in sheet-like structures that can slide over each other easily .Diamond has tetrahedral-like atomic structure,do refer figure below :